1. Uhlu lweFi-iberAii-mplifiers
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-amplifiers ze-optical:
(1) I-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA, i-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier);
(2) Ii-amplifiers ze-optical fiber ezixutywe nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (i-erbium Er, i-thulium Tm, i-praseodymium Pr, i-rubidium Nd, njl.njl.), ikakhulu ii-amplifiers ze-fiber ezixutywe ne-erbium (I-EDFA), kunye nee-amplifiers ze-thulium-doped fiber (TDFA) kunye nee-amplifiers ze-praseodymium-doped fiber (PDFA), njl.
(3) Ii-amplifiers zefayibha ezingezizo ezithe ngqo, ikakhulu ii-amplifiers zefayibha iRaman (i-FRA, i-Fiber Raman Amplifier). Uthelekiso oluphambili lwentsebenzo yezi amplifiers ze-optical luboniswe kwitheyibhile.
I-EDFA (i-Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Inkqubo yelaser enamanqanaba amaninzi inokwenziwa ngokufaka i-quartz fiber ngezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (ezifana ne-Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, njl.njl.), kwaye ukukhanya kwesignali yokufaka kwandiswa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwepompo. Emva kokubonelela ngempendulo efanelekileyo, kwenziwa i-fiber laser. Ubude obusebenzayo be-Nd-doped fiber amplifier yi-1060nm kunye ne-1330nm, kwaye uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokuphambuka kwi-sink port engcono kakhulu yonxibelelwano lwe-fiber optic kunye nezinye izizathu. Ubude obusebenzayo be-EDFA kunye ne-PDFA bukwifestile yokulahleka okuphantsi (1550nm) kunye nobude obungasasazekiyo (1300nm) bonxibelelwano lwe-optical fiber, kwaye i-TDFA isebenza kwi-S-band, efanelekileyo kakhulu kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwe-optical fiber. Ingakumbi i-EDFA, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, luye lwaba luncedo.
IPi-rinciple ye-EDFA
Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-EDFA luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1(a), oqulunqwe ikakhulu yi-medium esebenzayo (i-erbium-doped silica fiber malunga namashumi eemitha ubude, enobubanzi obuphakathi be-3-5 microns kunye noxinzelelo lwe-doping lwe-(25-1000)x10-6), umthombo wokukhanya kwepompo (990 okanye 1480nm LD), i-optical coupler kunye ne-optical isolator. Ukukhanya kwesignali kunye nokukhanya kwepompo zinokusasazeka kwicala elifanayo (codirectional pumping), kwicala elichaseneyo (reverse pumping) okanye kwicala ngalinye (bidirectional pumping) kwi-erbium fiber. Xa ukukhanya kwesignali kunye nokukhanya kwepompo kufakwa kwi-erbium fiber ngaxeshanye, ii-erbium ion ziyavuselelwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwepompo (Umfanekiso 1 (b), inkqubo enamanqanaba amathathu), kwaye zibola ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lamandla azinzileyo, xa ibuyela kwimeko yomhlaba phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwesignali yesiganeko, ikhupha ii-photons ezihambelana nokukhanya kwesignali, ukuze uphawu lwandiswe. Umfanekiso 1 (c) yi-spectrum yayo ye-amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) ene-bandwidth enkulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20-40nm) kunye neencopho ezimbini ezihambelana ne-1530nm kunye ne-1550nm ngokwahlukeneyo.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-EDFA kukufumana okuphezulu, i-bandwidth enkulu, amandla aphezulu okukhupha, ukusebenza kakuhle kwepompo, ukulahleka okuphantsi kokufakwa, kunye nokungavakalelwa kwimeko ye-polarization.
2. Iingxaki ngeeFiber Optical Amplifiers
Nangona i-optical amplifier (ingakumbi i-EDFA) ineenzuzo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, ayisiyo-amplifier efanelekileyo. Ukongeza kwingxolo eyongezelelweyo enciphisa i-SNR yesiginali, kukho nezinye iingxaki, ezinje:
- Ukungalingani kwe-gain spectrum ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth ye-amplifier kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-multi-channel amplification;
- Xa ii-optical amplifiers zikhutshwa, iziphumo zengxolo ye-ASE, ukusasazwa kwefayibha kunye neziphumo ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo ziya kuqokelelana.
Le miba kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kusenziwa isicelo kunye noyilo lwenkqubo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Optical Amplifier kwiNkqubo yoNxibelelwano lwe-Optical Fiber
Kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical,Isandisi-lizwi seFiber OpticalIngasetyenziswa kungekuphela nje njenge-amplifier yokunyusa amandla ye-transmitter ukwandisa amandla okudlulisa, kodwa kwakhona njenge-preamplifier ye-receiver ukuphucula ubuntununtunu bokufumana, kwaye ingathatha indawo ye-repeater yendabuko ye-optical-electrical-optical, ukwandisa umgama wokudlulisa kunye nokwenza unxibelelwano lwe-all-optical.
Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical, izinto eziphambili ezithintela umgama wokudluliselwa kukulahleka kunye nokusasazeka kwefayibha ye-optical. Ukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya we-spectrum encinci, okanye ukusebenza kufutshane nobude be-zero-dispersion, impembelelo yokusasazwa kwefayibha incinci. Le nkqubo ayidingi ukwenza ukuvuselelwa kwe-signal timing epheleleyo (i-3R relay) kwisikhululo ngasinye se-relay. Kwanele ukukhulisa ngokuthe ngqo i-optical signal nge-optical amplifier (i-1R relay). Ii-optical amplifier zingasetyenziswa kungekuphela kwiinkqubo ze-trunk ezikude kodwa nakwiinethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwefayibha ye-optical, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-WDM, ukukhulisa iitshaneli ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
1) Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Optical Amplifiers kwiiNkqubo zoNxibelelwano lweTrunk Optical Fiber
Umzobo 2 ngumzobo obonisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-optical amplifier kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano lwe-trunk optical fiber. (a) umfanekiso ubonisa ukuba i-optical amplifier isetyenziswa njenge-power boost amplifier ye-transmitter kunye ne-preamplifier ye-receiver ukuze umgama ongeyiyo i-relay uphindwe kabini. Umzekelo, xa kusetyenziswa i-EDFA, i-system transmission Umgama we-1.8Gb/s uyanda ukusuka kwi-120km ukuya kwi-250km okanye ufikelele nakwi-400km. Umfanekiso 2 (b)-(d) kukusetyenziswa kwee-amplifiers ze-optical kwiinkqubo ze-multi-relay; Umfanekiso (b) yindlela yendabuko ye-3R relay; Umfanekiso (c) yindlela ye-mixed relay yee-repeaters ze-3R kunye nee-amplifiers ze-optical; Umfanekiso 2 (d) Yindlela ye-all-optical relay; kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-all-optical, ayibandakanyi iisekethe zexesha kunye nokuvuselelwa, ngoko ke icacile kancinci, kwaye akukho mda "we-electronic bottle whisker". Ukuba nje izixhobo zokuthumela nokwamkela kuzo zombini iziphelo zitshintshiwe, Kulula ukuphucula ukusuka kwisantya esiphantsi ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu, kwaye i-optical amplifier ayidingi kutshintshiswa.
2) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Optical Amplifier kwi-Optical Fiber Distribution Network
Iingenelo zokukhupha amandla aphezulu zee-optical amplifiers (ingakumbi i-EDFA) ziluncedo kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwe-broadband (ezifanaI-CATVIiNethiwekhi). Inethiwekhi yesiqhelo yeCATV isebenzisa intambo ye-coaxial, ekufuneka ikhuliswe rhoqo emva kweemitha ezingamakhulu aliqela, kwaye irediyasi yenkonzo yenethiwekhi imalunga ne-7km. Inethiwekhi ye-CATV yefayibha ye-optical esebenzisa ii-amplifier ze-optical ayinako nje ukwandisa inani labasebenzisi abasasazekileyo, kodwa ikwayandisa kakhulu indlela yenethiwekhi. Uphuhliso lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba ukusasazwa kwefayibha ye-optical/hybrid (HFC) kutsala amandla azo zombini kwaye kunokhuphiswano olunamandla.
Umfanekiso 4 ngumzekelo wenethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwefayibha ye-optical yokuguqula i-AM-VSB yeziteshi ezingama-35 zeTV. Umthombo wokukhanya wetransmitter yi-DFB-LD enobude bobude be-1550nm kunye namandla okukhupha ayi-3.3dBm. Ukusebenzisa i-EDFA yamanqanaba ama-4 njenge-amplifier yokusasazwa kwamandla, amandla ayo okufaka angama--6dBm, kwaye amandla ayo okukhupha angama-13dBm. Uvakalelo lwe-Optical receiver -9.2d Bm. Emva kwamanqanaba ama-4 okusasazwa, inani lilonke labasebenzisi lifikelele kwi-4.2 yezigidi, kwaye indlela yenethiwekhi ingaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezilishumi. Umlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo yovavanyo wawungaphezulu kwe-45dB, kwaye i-EDFA ayizange ibangele ukuncipha kwe-CSO.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-23-2023