Xa kufikwa kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi ekufikeleleni kwi-broadband fiber, sihlala sibona amagama esiNgesi afana ne-ONU, i-ONT, i-SFU, kunye ne-HGU. Athetha ukuthini la magama? Uthini umahluko?
1. Ii-ONU kunye nee-ONT
Iintlobo eziphambili zesicelo sokufikelela kwi-broadband optical fiber ziquka: i-FTTH, i-FTTO, kunye ne-FTTB, kwaye iintlobo zezixhobo ezikwicala lomsebenzisi zahlukile phantsi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Izixhobo ezikwicala lomsebenzisi ze-FTTH kunye ne-FTTO zisetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi omnye, obizwa ngokubaONT(Isiphelo senethiwekhi ye-optical, isiphelo senethiwekhi ye-optical), kunye nezixhobo ezisecaleni lomsebenzisi ze-FTTB zabelwana ngazo ngabasebenzisi abaninzi, ezibizwa ngokubaI-ONU(Iyunithi yeNethiwekhi yoBonisiweyo, iyunithi yeNethiwekhi yoBonisiweyo).
Umsebenzisi okhankanywe apha ubhekisa kumsebenzisi ohlawuliswa ngokuzimeleyo ngumsebenzisi, hayi inani leeterminal ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, i-ONT ye-FTTH idla ngokwabelana ngeeterminal ezininzi ekhaya, kodwa umsebenzisi omnye kuphela onokubalwa.
2. Iintlobo ze-ONTs
I-ONT yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-optical modem, eyahlulwe yaba yi-SFU (Iyunithi yoSapho olunye, iyunithi yomsebenzisi wosapho olunye), i-HGU (Iyunithi yeSango lasekhaya, iyunithi yesango lasekhaya) kunye ne-SBU (Iyunithi yeShishini elinye, iyunithi yomsebenzisi woshishino olunye).
2.1. I-SFU
I-SFU ngokubanzi ine-interfaces ye-Ethernet e-1 ukuya kwezi-4, i-interfaces yefowuni esisigxina e-1 ukuya kwezi-2, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zikwanazo ne-interfaces yeTV yekhebula. I-SFU ayinayo umsebenzi wesango lasekhaya, kwaye yi-terminal eqhagamshelwe kwi-port ye-Ethernet kuphela enokutsalela ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, kwaye umsebenzi wolawulo olukude ubuthathaka. Imodem ye-optical esetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuqala le-FTTH yeyakwa-SFU, engasetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku.
2.2. Ii-HGU
Iimodem ze-optical ezixhotyiswe ngabasebenzisi be-FTTH ezivulwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje zonkeI-HGUXa kuthelekiswa ne-SFU, i-HGU inezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
(1) I-HGU sisixhobo sesango, esilungele uthungelwano lwasekhaya; ngelixa i-SFU sisixhobo sothungelwano olucacileyo, esingenazo izakhono zesango, kwaye ngokubanzi sifuna intsebenziswano yezixhobo zesango ezifana neerawutha zasekhaya kuthungelwano lwasekhaya.
(2) I-HGU ixhasa imo yokuhambisa kwaye inomsebenzi we-NAT, osisixhobo se-layer-3; ngelixa uhlobo lwe-SFU luxhasa kuphela imo yokudibanisa i-layer-2, elingana neswitshi ye-layer-2.
(3) I-HGU inokusebenzisa usetyenziso lwayo lokudayela nge-broadband, kwaye iikhompyutha eziqhagamshelweyo kunye nee-terminals zeselula zinokufikelela ngqo kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokudayela; ngelixa i-SFU kufuneka idayile ngekhompyutha yomsebenzisi okanye ngefowuni yakhe okanye nge-router yasekhaya.
(4) I-HGU ilula kakhulu kulawulo olukhulu lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwayo.
I-HGU idla ngokuza neI-WiFi kwaye ine-USB port.
2.3. Ii-SBU
I-SBU isetyenziswa kakhulu kumsebenzisi we-FTTO, kwaye ngokubanzi ine-interface ye-Ethernet, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zinojongano lwe-E1, ujongano lwefowuni yasekhaya, okanye umsebenzi we-wifi. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-SFU kunye ne-HGU, i-SBU inamandla okukhusela umbane ngcono kwaye izinzile kakhulu, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo kwimicimbi yangaphandle efana nokujonga ividiyo.
3. I-ONUType
I-ONU yahlulwe yabaI-MDU(Iyunithi yeZindlu ezininzi, iyunithi yokuhlala abantu abaninzi) kunye ne-MTU (Iyunithi yabaThengi abaninzi, iyunithi yabaThengi abaninzi).
I-MDU isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi bezindlu phantsi kohlobo lwesicelo se-FTTB, kwaye ngokubanzi ineendawo zokunxibelelana zomsebenzisi ezi-4 ubuncinane, ngokuqhelekileyo ezineendawo zokunxibelelana ze-FE ezi-8, 16, 24 okanye ze-FE+POTS (ezilungisiweyo).
I-MTU isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi beshishini okanye iiterminal ezininzi kwishishini elinye kwimeko ye-FTTB. Ukongeza kwi-interface ye-Ethernet kunye ne-interface yefowuni esisigxina, inokuba ne-interface ye-E1; imo kunye nomsebenzi we-MTU zihlala zingafani nezo ze-MDU. Umahluko, kodwa ukusebenza kokhuseleko lombane kungcono kwaye uzinzo luphezulu. Ngokuthandwa kwe-FTTO, iimeko zesicelo se-MTU ziya zisiba ncinci.
4. Isishwankathelo
Ukufikelela kwifayibha ye-optical ye-Broadband ikakhulu kusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-PON. Xa uhlobo oluthile lwezixhobo zomsebenzisi lungahlukaniswanga, izixhobo zomsebenzisi zenkqubo ye-PON zinokubizwa ngokuba yi-ONU.
I-ONU, i-ONT, i-SFU, i-HGU…ezi izixhobo Zonke zichaza izixhobo ezisecaleni lomsebenzisi zokufikelela kwi-broadband kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwazo buboniswe kumfanekiso ongezantsi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-21-2023