1. Isishwankathelo
I-AP engenazingcingo (Indawo yokufikelela engenazingcingo), oko kukuthi, indawo yokufikelela engenazingcingo, isetyenziswa njengeswitshi engenazingcingo yenethiwekhi engenazingcingo kwaye yeyona nto iphambili kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo. I-AP engenazingcingo yindawo yokufikelela kwizixhobo ezingenazingcingo (ezifana neekhompyutha eziphathwayo, iiterminals zeselula, njl.njl.) ukuze zingene kwinethiwekhi enezintambo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumakhaya e-broadband, kwizakhiwo nakwiipaki, kwaye ingagubungela amashumi eemitha ukuya kumakhulu eemitha.
I-Wireless AP ligama elineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Ayibandakanyi nje kuphela iindawo zokufikelela ezingenazingcingo ezilula (ii-Wireless APs), kodwa ikwaligama eliqhelekileyo lee-routers ezingenazingcingo (kuquka ii-wireless gateways, ii-wireless bridges) kunye nezinye izixhobo.
I-Wireless AP yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo. I-Wireless AP yibhulorho edibanisa inethiwekhi engenazingcingo kunye nenethiwekhi enezintambo, kwaye sisixhobo esiphambili sokuseka inethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo (i-WLAN). Inika umsebenzi wokufikelela phakathi kwezixhobo ezingenazingcingo kunye neeLAN ezinezintambo. Ngoncedo lwee-AP ezingenazingcingo, izixhobo ezingenazingcingo ezikwisimboli see-AP ezingenazingcingo zinokunxibelelana. Ngaphandle kwee-AP ezingenazingcingo, akunakwenzeka ukwakha i-WLAN yokwenyani enokufikelela kwi-Intanethi. I-AP engenazingcingo kwi-WLAN ilingana nendima yesikhululo sokusasaza kwinethiwekhi yonxibelelwano lweselula.
Xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwenethiwekhi enentambo, i-AP engenantambo kwinethiwekhi engenantambo ilingana nehabhu kwinethiwekhi enentambo. Ingadibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezingenantambo. Ikhadi lenethiwekhi elisetyenziswa sisixhobo esingenantambo likhadi lenethiwekhi engenantambo, kwaye indlela yokudlulisela umoya (i-electromagnetic wave). I-AP engenantambo yindawo ephambili yeyunithi engenantambo, kwaye zonke iisignali ezingenantambo kwiyunithi kufuneka zidlule kuyo ukuze zitshintshiselane.
2. Imisebenzi
2.1 Qhagamshela i-wireless kunye ne-wireless
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-AP engenazingcingo kukudibanisa inethiwekhi engenazingcingo kunye nenethiwekhi enentambo, kunye nokubonelela ngomsebenzi wokufikelela phakathi kwesixhobo esingenazingcingo kunye nenethiwekhi enentambo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.1-1.
I-Wireless AP iqhagamshela inethiwekhi enentambo kunye nezixhobo ezingenantambo
2.2 I-WDS
I-WDS (iNkqubo yoSasazo olungenazingcingo), oko kukuthi, inkqubo yosasazo olungenazingcingo, ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo kwi-AP engenazingcingo kunye ne-router engenazingcingo. Ngumsebenzi osebenzayo kakhulu ukufezekisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezimbini ezingenazingcingo. Umzekelo, kukho abamelwane abathathu, kwaye ikhaya ngalinye line-router engenazingcingo okanye i-AP engenazingcingo exhasa i-WDS, ukuze isignali engenazingcingo igutyungelwe yimizi emithathu ngaxeshanye, okwenza unxibelelwano oludibeneyo lube lula ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izixhobo ze-WDS ezixhaswa yi-router engenazingcingo zilinganiselwe (Ngokubanzi izixhobo ezi-4-8 zinokuxhaswa), kwaye izixhobo ze-WDS zeempawu ezahlukeneyo nazo zinokungaphumeleli ukunxibelelana.
2.3 Imisebenzi ye-wireless AP
2.3.1 Ireyitha
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-wireless AP yi-relay. Okubizwa ngokuba yi-relay kukwandisa isignali engenazingcingo kube kanye phakathi kwamanqaku amabini angenazingcingo, ukuze isixhobo esikude esingenazingcingo sifumane isignali engenazingcingo enamandla ngakumbi. Umzekelo, i-AP ibekwa kwindawo a, kwaye kukho isixhobo esingenazingcingo kwindawo c. Kukho umgama weemitha ezili-120 phakathi kwendawo a kunye nendawo c. Ukudluliselwa kwesignali engenazingcingo ukusuka kwindawo a ukuya kwindawo c kuye kwabuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko ke kunokuba ziimitha ezingama-60 ukusuka apho. Beka i-AP engenazingcingo njenge-relay kwindawo b, ukuze isignali engenazingcingo kwindawo c iphuculwe ngempumelelo, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe isantya sokudluliselwa kunye nokuzinza kwesignali engenazingcingo.
2.3.2 Ukudibanisa
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-wireless AP kukudibanisa i-bridge. Ukudibanisa i-bridge kukudibanisa ii-endpoints ezimbini ze-AP ezingenazingcingo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwee-AP ezimbini ezingenazingcingo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa ii-LAN ezimbini ezineentambo, ungakhetha ukudibanisa i-AP engenazingcingo. Umzekelo, kwindawo a kukho i-LAN eneentambo eyenziwe ziikhompyutha ezili-15, kwaye kwindawo b kukho i-LAN eneentambo eyenziwe ziikhompyutha ezingama-25, kodwa umgama phakathi kwamanqaku ab kunye ne-ab ukude kakhulu, udlula iimitha ezili-100, ngoko akufanelekanga ukunxibelelana ngentambo. Ngeli xesha, ungcwalisa i-AP engenazingcingo kwindawo a nakwi-b ngokulandelelana, kwaye uvule umsebenzi wokudibanisa i-AP engenazingcingo, ukuze ii-LAN kwiindawo ab kunye ne-ab zikwazi ukudlulisela idatha komnye nomnye.
2.3.3 Imo ye-Master-slave
Omnye umsebenzi we-wireless AP yi-"master-slave mode". I-wireless AP esebenza kule mowudi iya kuthathwa njengeklayenti engenazingcingo (njengekhadi lenethiwekhi engenazingcingo okanye imodyuli engenazingcingo) yi-master wireless AP okanye i-wireless router. Kulula ukuba ulawulo lwenethiwekhi lulawule inethiwekhi encinci kwaye lwenze uqhagamshelo lwe-point-to-multipoint (i-wireless router okanye i-wireless AP ephambili yi-point enye, kwaye umthengi we-wireless AP yi-multi-point). Umsebenzi we-"master-slave mode" udla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko zoqhagamshelo lwe-wireless LAN kunye ne-wired LAN. Umzekelo, i-point a yi-wired LAN eyenziwe ziikhompyutha ezingama-20, kwaye i-point b yi-wireless LAN eyenziwe ziikhompyutha ezili-15. I-point b sele ikho i-wireless router. Ukuba i-point a ifuna ukufikelela kwi-point b, ungongeza i-wireless AP kwi-point a, uqhagamshele i-wireless AP kwiswitshi kwi-point a, uze uvule "i-master-slave mode" ye-wireless AP kunye noqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo kwi-point b. I-router iqhagamshelwe, kwaye ngeli xesha zonke iikhompyutha kwi-point a zinokuqhagamshela kwiikhompyutha kwi-point b.
3. Umahluko phakathi kwe-Wireless AP kunye ne-Wireless Router
3.1 I-AP engenazingcingo
I-AP engenazingcingo, oko kukuthi, indawo yokufikelela engenazingcingo, yiswitshi engenazingcingo kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo. Yindawo yokufikelela kubasebenzisi be-terminal yeselula ukuba bangene kwinethiwekhi enentambo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-broadband yasekhaya kunye nokusasazwa kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yeshishini. Umgama wokugubungela i-wireless yi-Amashumi eemitha ukuya kumakhulu eemitha, itekhnoloji ephambili yi-802.11X series. Ii-AP ezingenazingcingo eziqhelekileyo nazo zinemowudi yeklayenti yendawo yokufikelela, oko kuthetha ukuba amakhonkco angenazingcingo anokwenziwa phakathi kwee-AP, ngaloo ndlela kwandiswe ukugubungela kwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo.
Ekubeni i-AP engenazingcingo ingenawo umsebenzi wokuhambisa i-routing, ilingana neswitshi engenazingcingo kwaye inika umsebenzi wokudlulisela isignali engenazingcingo kuphela. Umgaqo wayo osebenzayo kukufumana isignali yenethiwekhi edluliselwa sisibini esijijekileyo, kwaye emva kokuhlanganiswa yi-AP engenazingcingo, guqula isignali yombane ibe sisignali yerediyo uze uyithumele ukuze yenze uthungelwano lwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo.
3.2I-Router engenazingcingo
I-AP engenazingcingo ende yinto esidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi-router engenazingcingo. I-router engenazingcingo, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, yi-router enomsebenzi wokugubungela i-wireless, osetyenziswa kakhulu kubasebenzisi ukuphequlula i-intanethi kunye nokugubungela i-wireless. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AP elula engenazingcingo, i-router engenazingcingo inokuphumeza ukwabelana ngoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo yasekhaya ngomsebenzi we-routing, kwaye inokufezekisa ukufikelela okwabelwana nge-wireless kwe-ADSL kunye ne-broadband yoluntu.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ii-terminals ezingenazingcingo nezinentambo zinokufakwa kwi-subnet nge-router engenazingcingo, ukuze izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwi-subnet zikwazi ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ngokulula.
3.3 Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, i-AP elula engenazingcingo ilingana neswitshi engenazingcingo; i-router engenazingcingo (i-AP engenazingcingo eyandisiweyo) ilingana "nomsebenzi we-AP engenazingcingo + i-router". Ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa, ukuba ikhaya sele liqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi kwaye lifuna nje ukubonelela ngokufikelela ngaphandle kwezingcingo, ukukhetha i-AP engenazingcingo kwanele; kodwa ukuba ikhaya alikaqhagamshelwa kwi-Intanethi, kufuneka siqhagamshelwe kumsebenzi wokufikelela ngaphandle kwentambo kwi-Intanethi, ngoko ke kufuneka ukhethe i-router engenazingcingo ngeli xesha.
Ukongeza, ngokwembono yembonakalo, ezi zimbini ziyafana ngobude, kwaye akulula ukuzihlula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonge ngokusondeleyo, usenokubona umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini: oko kukuthi, ii-interfaces zazo zahlukile. (Uhlobo olulula) i-AP engenazingcingo idla ngokuba ne-port yenethiwekhi ye-RJ45 enentambo, i-port yombane, i-port yoqwalaselo (i-port ye-USB okanye uqwalaselo nge-interface ye-WEB), kunye nezibane zesalathisi ezimbalwa; ngelixa i-router engenazingcingo inee-port ezine zenethiwekhi ezinentambo, ngaphandle kwe-port enye ye-WAN isetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela kwizixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ii-port ezine ze-LAN zinokuxhunywa kwiikhompyutha ezikwi-intranet, kwaye kukho izibane zesalathisi ezingaphezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-19-2023