Indawo, Ukuchongwa, kunye nokuphathwa kweendawo ezinciphileyo kwiintambo ze-Optical

Ekwakhiweni kwemigca yekhebula ye-optical, ukusebenza kokunciphisa umbane sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sovavanyo. Eli nqaku lihlalutya iindawo kunye neendlela zokuphatha iindawo zokunciphisa umbane eziphezulu kwimigca yekhebula ye-optical ngokusekelwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zomgca.

1. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zeendawo ezinciphileyo

Emva kokugqiba ukudibanisa intambo ye-optical, lonke icandelo eliphindayo lidla ngokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa i-OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-optical kwecandelo lentambo egqityiweyo kuyahlangabezana na neemfuno zokwakha kunye nemigangatho yokwamkelwa. Uvavanyo luquka ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingaba ukuncitshiswa okupheleleyo kwecandelo lonke le-repeater kungaphantsi kwenkcazo yoyilo (oko kukuthi, ingaba i-avareji ye-avareji ye-avareji ye-avareji ingaphakathi komda ofunekayo);
• Ingaba ukulahleka okuphakathi kwe-avareji ye-splice yamalungu kuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokwamkelwa kunye neemfuno zoyilo;
• Nokuba igophe elibuyela umva lecandelo eliphindayo linomthambeka ofanayo kwaye ligudileyo. Ngaphandle kwamanyathelo amancinci abangelwa kukulahleka okuqhelekileyo kwe-splice, akufuneki kubekho manyathelo abalulekileyo okunciphisa igophe.

Xa usebenzisa i-OTDR ukuvavanya icandelo le-optical repeater kunye nokufumana iindawo zokunciphisa, kubalulekile ukuseta ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter zovavanyo, ezinje ngobubanzi, ubude bomda, ububanzi be-pulse, i-refractive index, kunye nexesha eliphakathi:

• Uluhlu lovavanyo: Khetha ngokwebude becandelo lesiphindaphindo ukuze igophe lithathe malunga nesibini kwisithathu sesikrini sokubonisa;
• Ubude bamaza: Imiselwa yinkqubo, ngesiqhelo i-1310 nm kunye ne-1550 nm kwiintambo zesiqu ezikude;
• Isalathisi sokubonisa ukukhanya: Isetiwe ngokweemfuno zomenzi wefayibha;
• Ububanzi bepulse: Ipharamitha ebalulekileyo. Ukuba incinci kakhulu, uluhlu olutshintshayo alwanelanga, nto leyo ebangela imiqondiso enomsindo ekupheleni komkhondo; ukuba likhulu kakhulu, uluhlu lovavanyo luyanda kodwa ukuchaneka kuyancipha. Ububanzi obufanelekileyo be-pulse kufuneka bukhethwe ngokusekelwe kubude bentambo ngexesha lovavanyo lovavanyo;
• Ixesha eliphakathi: Ilungiswe ukuqinisekisa ukugoba okuthambileyo ngaphandle kwengxolo ebonakalayo emsileni.

Ukuze kufunyanwe ngokuchanekileyo iimpazamo, isoftware yohlalutyo lwe-OTDR ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ii-test curves. Iziphene zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iimpazamo ze-splice point kunye neziphene zomzimba wekhebula.

2. Ukuphathwa kwamanqaku aphantsi kakhulu

Okokuqala, misela ukuba ingaba inqaku eliphantsi kakhulu likwindawo ye-splice. Kwiindawo ze-splice, zonke iifayibha zihlala zibonisa amanyathelo okunciphisa ubukhulu obahlukeneyo. Ngokuhlalutya ii-fiber traces ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ungajonga amanyathelo kwindawo enye kuzo zonke ii-curves. Linganisa kwaye ubale ukulahleka kwe-splice kabini kweli nqanaba, urekhode naziphi na ixabiso elidlula umgangatho, kwaye ulungiselele ukuvula kwakhona ukuvalwa kwe-splice ukuze kulungiswe.

Ukuba indawo yokuncitshiswa kwe-attenuation ayikho kwindawo ye-splice, uhlalutyo oluqhutywa ngaxeshanye lwee-curves ezininzi luya kubonisa ukuba ezinye iifayibha zine-attenuation steps ngelixa ezinye zingenazo. Oku kubonisa ingxaki ngaphakathi kwintambo ngokwayo kunokuba ibe kwi-splice.

Indawo yempazamo

• Iziphene ezikufutshane: Ingafumaneka kwisikhululo sesiphelo kusetyenziswa i-OTDR ukulinganisa umgama ukusuka kwindawo ekufutshane ye-splice;
• Iziphene ezikude: Kunzima ngakumbi ukuyifumana ngenxa yokuchaneka okunciphileyo kumgama omde. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukusuka kwindawo evaliweyo ekufutshane. Hlanganisa imilinganiselo ye-OTDR kunye neerekhodi zokwakha kunye nemilinganiselo yentsimi ukuze uqikelele indawo yempazamo, ngesiqhelo ngaphakathi komgama omalunga neemitha ezilishumi, ukunciphisa ububanzi bokumba kunye neendleko.

Iindlela Zokuphatha

• Iziphene ze-Splice: Vula ukuvalwa kwe-splice uze uphinde ufake i-fibre kwi-fiber ngelixa ubeka esweni nge-OTDR de kubekho ukulahleka kwe-splice okwamkelekileyo.
  Ukuba ukuphinda-phinda ukudityaniswa akuhlangabezani neemfuno, jonga oku kulandelayo:

  • Ukuguquka kwetyhubhu yefayibha okubangela ukucinezelwa;
  • I-radius egobileyo kakhulu ngexesha lokugoba kwefayibha;
  • Uxinzelelo lwefayibha.

  Ukuba iingxaki ziyaqhubeka, hlola iindawo zekhebula ngaphambi nasemva kwe-slice. Iziphelo zekhebula ezonakeleyo zisenokufuna ukunqunyulwa kwaye zonke iifayibha ziphinde ziqhagamshelwe.

• Amanyathelo okuthintela: Ngaphambi kokuba udibanise, hlola ngononophelo ubude beentambo ezigciniweyo. Ukuba uyathandabuza, nciphisa ubude beentambo ezongezelelweyo ukuze uphephe iziphene ezifihlakeleyo.

• Iimpazamo zomzimba wekhebula: Idla ngokubangelwa:

  • Ukugoba okanye ukugoba okubukhali;
  • Umonakalo woomatshini (umz., uxinzelelo oluvela kumatye abangela ukuguquka);
  • Amandla angaphandle akhokelela ekuguqulweni kwetyhubhu yefayibha kunye nefayibha.

  Unyango lubandakanya ukusika icandelo elonakeleyo kunye nokuphinda ulidibanise. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuyayisusa ingxaki yokuncipha kwesikhumba.

Ukuba kukho umonakalo omkhulu, faka i-splice closure, susa i-sheath yangaphandle, uze ulungise okanye ufake ezinye ii-tubes ezikhubazekileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, phinda udibanise ii-fibers kwii-tubes ezichaphazelekayo.

Iimfuno zovavanyo

Abasebenzi bovavanyo kufuneka basebenzisane nabasebenzi bokudibanisa intsimi ukuze benze uvavanyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo:

1. Emva kokuba ukufakelwa kugqityiwe;
2. Emva kokulungiswa kwefayibha kunye nokujijeka;
3. Emva kokuvala nokuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwe-splice.

Abasebenzi basentsimini kufuneka bahambe kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba ingxaki yokunciphisa umngcipheko isonjululwe.