1. Amanqaku aphezulu okuncitshiswa okubangelwa ngexesha lokubekwa
Ngexesha lokufakelwa kweentambo ze-optical, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezingcwatywe ngqo ezikude kangange-2–3 km, imiqobo emininzi idla ngokudibana nayo. Ukwakhiwa kudla ngokubandakanya abasebenzi abaninzi kunye nemigama emide, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi basebenza ngokudibeneyo. Oku kuba yingxaki ngakumbi xa kudlula kwiingxaki ezifana nemibhobho yentsimbi ekhuselayo, ukugoba, amathambeka, kunye notshintsho lokuphakama. Ngenxa yoko, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"back buckling" (dead bends) inokwenzeka, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo omkhulu kwintambo. Nje ukuba kube nokugoba okufileyo, indawo ebalulekileyo yokuncitshiswa iya kubonakala kuloo ndawo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuqhekeka kwefayibha okuncinci okanye okupheleleyo kunokwenzeka. Le yimpazamo eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweentambo ze-optical.
Ukongeza, ngexesha lokufakwa kweentambo, iziphelo zeentambo zisengozini enkulu yokonakala. Ngexesha lokufakelwa, ixabiso eliphezulu lokuncitshiswa lidla ngokubonakala kwindawo ye-splice. Kwanasemva kokufakelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ilahleko ayinakuncitshiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwindawo enkulu yokuncitshiswa.
2. Amanqaku aphezulu okuncitshiswa abangelwa ngexesha lokudibanisa
Amanqaku aphezulu okunciphisa ahlala esenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-OTDR (i-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) isetyenziselwa ukujonga. Oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ifayibha nganye idityanisiwe, ixabiso lokunciphisa kwindawo ye-splice liyavavanywa. Ngokwenyani, kusetyenziswa indlela yokuvavanya i-bidirectional. Ngenxa yokwahluka kokwenziwa kwefayibha, akukho micu mibini ifana ncamashi, kwaye umahluko kububanzi bentsimi yemowudi uhlala ukho. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso lokulahleka elilinganiswe yi-OTDR alilo ilahleko yokwenyani ye-splice; linokuba lihle okanye libi. Ngokubanzi, umyinge wezibalo wamaxabiso ovavanyo lwe-bidirectional uthathwa njengexabiso lokwenyani lokunciphisa.
Ngexesha lokudibanisa, ukujonga ngexesha langempela kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulahleka kwe-splice kuyahlangabezana neenjongo zolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, unobangela oqhelekileyo weendawo ezinkulu zokunciphisa kwenzeka emva kokudibanisa, ngexesha lokugcina ifayibha. Ezinye iifayibha zinokuba phantsi kwe-αضغط okanye zibe ne-radius encinci kakhulu yokugoba, zenze i-attenuation point ephezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba iifayibha ezisebenza kubude be-1550 nm zinobuthathaka kakhulu kwi-micro-bending loss. Nje ukuba ifayibha icinezelwe, i-micro-bending iyenzeka; ngokufanayo, ukuba i-radius yokugoba incinci kakhulu ngexesha lokudibanisa ifayibha, ukulahleka okukhulu kwesiginali kwenzeka kuloo ndawo. Kwi-curve ye-OTDR backscatter, oku kubonakala njengenyathelo elikhulu lokunciphisa.
Esinye isizathu esihlala singahoywa senzeka emva kokuba i-splice ivaliwe. Xa kulungiswa i-closure kwaye kuqinisekiswa i-cable, ukuba i-cable ayiqinanga ngaphakathi kwe-closure, ukujija kunokwenzeka, okuphazamisa ii-fiber buffer tubes. Ukucinezelwa kwee-fibers kukhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-attenuation, okwenza i-step loss.
3. Amanqaku aphezulu okuncitshiswa okubangelwa ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokuphathwa
Xa iintambo ze-optical zithuthwa zisiwe kwindawo yokwakha, imeko-bume idla ngokuba nzima. Ngokukodwa, xa kubekwa iintambo zonxibelelwano zikaloliwe, ii-cranes zihlala zingakwazi ukufikelela kwindawo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, iintambo zihlala zilayishwa kwaye zithululwa ngesandla. Ngexesha lokukhupha, umaleko wangaphandle wentambo wonakala lula. Esinye isizathu kukuba ububanzi bedrama yentambo buncinci kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umaleko wangaphandle wentambo ube kufutshane kakhulu nomhlaba. Iimeko zomhlaba kwiindawo zokwakha zihlala zingalingani, zinobunzima obahlukeneyo. Ngelixa uqengqa idrama yentambo, inokuntywila emhlabeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intambo yangaphandle yonakale zizinto eziqinileyo. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba abanye abavelisi basebenzisa iidrama ezincinci ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
Ukongeza, ukuba idrama yekhebula ayikhuselekanga ngokufanelekileyo ngamabhodi eplanga (ezinye iidrama zisebenzisa izakhelo zesinyithi kwaye azinakuvalwa ngokupheleleyo ngomthi), kwaye kusetyenziswa iplastiki kuphela esongayo, okanye ukuba isigqubuthelo sokukhusela asibuyiselwanga emva kovavanyo lwedrama enye, intambo ayikhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo. Xa isheya yangaphandle yonakaliswe zizinto eziqinileyo ezifana namatye, imicu engaphakathi kwimibhobho ye-buffer iyacinezelwa, nto leyo ebangela amanyathelo okunciphisa. Kwi-OTDR backscatter curve, oku kubonakala njengendawo enkulu yokunciphisa.
4. Amanqaku aphezulu okuncitshiswa okubangelwa ngexesha lokuphela komsebenzi
Iindawo zokuncitshiswa okuphezulu nazo zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokupheliswa kwentambo. Ngexesha lokupheliswa, ukujonga ukulahleka kwe-splice akusoloko kwenziwa, kwaye imisebenzi ixhomekeke kakhulu kumava, okwandisa amathuba okuba iindawo zokuncitshiswa okukhulu kusebenze. Ngaphezu koko, emva kokufakelwa kwefayibha, xa kufakwa itreyi yokugcina ifayibha, iityhubhu ze-buffer ezikufutshane netreyi zinokugotywa ngeradiyumu encinci kakhulu okanye zijijeke kwaye ziguquguquke. Oku kubangela ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kwezo ndawo.
Iindawo ezinjalo zokunciphisa umbane zihlala zifihliwe kwaye azifumaneki lula njengalezo ziphakathi kwentambo kusetyenziswa i-OTDR.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-23-2026