Kwihlabathi lonxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical, ukukhethwa kobude bokukhanya kufana nokulungisa isikhululo sikanomathotholo—kuphela ngokukhetha i-frequency efanelekileyo apho imiqondiso ingadluliselwa ngokucacileyo nangokuzinzileyo. Kutheni ezinye iimodyuli ze-optical zinomgama wokudlulisa wemitha ezingama-500 kuphela, ngelixa ezinye zinokuthatha amakhulu eekhilomitha? Imfihlo ikumbala wokukhanya—oko kukuthi, ngokuthe ngqo, ubude bokukhanya.
Kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano lwe-optical zanamhlanje, iimodyuli ze-optical ezine-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo zidlala indima eyahlukileyo. Ii-wavelengths ezintathu eziphambili—i-850nm, i-1310nm, kunye ne-1550nm—zakha isakhelo esisisiseko sonxibelelwano lwe-optical, nganye igxile kumgama wokudlulisela, iimpawu zokulahleka, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa.
Kutheni kufuneka ii-wavelengths ezininzi?
Ingongoma ebalulekileyo yokwahluka kwamaza ombane kwiimodyuli ze-optical ikwimingeni emibini emikhulu ekudlulisweni kwe-fiber optic: ukulahleka kunye nokusasazwa. Xa imiqondiso ye-optical idluliselwa kwiifayibha ze-optical, ukuncitshiswa kwamandla (ukulahleka) kwenzeka ngenxa yokufunxwa, ukusasazeka, kunye nokuvuza kwesixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, isantya sokusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zamaza ombane sibangela ukwanda kwe-signal pulse (ukusasazeka). Oku kubangele izisombululo zamaza ombane amaninzi:
Ibhendi ye-850nm: Isebenza kakhulu kwiifayibha ze-optical ze-multimode, kunye nomgama wokudlulisela oqhele ukuba phakathi kweemitha ezimbalwa (ezifana neemitha ezingama-550), kwaye yeyona nto iphambili yokudlulisela umgama omfutshane (njengakwiziko ledatha).
Ibhendi ye-1310nm: ibonisa iimpawu zokusasazeka okuphantsi kwiifayibha zemowudi enye eziqhelekileyo, kunye nomgama wokudlulisela ukuya kuthi ga kumashumi eekhilomitha (ezifana neekhilomitha ezingama-60), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumqolo wokudlulisela umgama ophakathi.
Ibhendi ye-1550nm: Ngesantya esiphantsi sokunciphisa (malunga ne-0.19dB/km), umgama wokudlulisela oqikelelwayo ungadlula iikhilomitha ezili-150, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinkosi yokudlulisela umgama omde kwanomgama omde kakhulu.
Ukunyuka kwetekhnoloji ye-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kuye kwandisa kakhulu amandla eefayibha ze-optical. Umzekelo, iimodyuli ze-optical ze-single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) zifezekisa unxibelelwano lwe-bidirectional kwifayibha enye ngokusebenzisa ii-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-1310nm/1550nm indibaniselwano) kwiziphelo zokudlulisa nezokwamkela, nto leyo egcina kakhulu izixhobo zefayibha. Itekhnoloji ye-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) ephucukileyo inokufikelela kwisithuba esincinci kakhulu se-wavelength (ezifana ne-100GHz) kwiibhendi ezithile (ezifana ne-O-band 1260-1360nm), kwaye ifayibha enye inokuxhasa amashumi okanye amakhulu eetshaneli ze-wavelength, inyusa amandla okudlulisela apheleleyo kwinqanaba le-Tbps kwaye ikhulule ngokupheleleyo amandla e-fiber optics.
Ungayikhetha njani ngokwesayensi ubude be-wavelength yeemodyuli ze-optical?
Ukukhethwa kwe-wavelength kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezi zinto zilandelayo zibalulekileyo:
Umgama wokudluliselwa:
- Umgama omfutshane (≤ 2km): kungcono i-850nm (ifayibha ye-multimode).
- Umgama ophakathi (10-40km): ifanelekile kwi-1310nm (ifayibha yemowudi enye).
- Umgama omde (≥ 60km): 1550nm (ifayibha yemowudi enye) kufuneka ikhethwe, okanye isetyenziswe kunye ne-optical amplifier.
Imfuneko yomthamo:
- Ishishini eliqhelekileyo: Iimodyuli ze-wavelength ezizinzileyo zanele.
- Umthamo omkhulu, uthumelo oluxineneyo: Kufuneka iteknoloji ye-DWDM/CWDM. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye-DWDM ye-100G esebenza kwi-O-band inokuxhasa amajelo amaninzi e-wavelength enoxinano oluxineneyo.
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngeendleko:
- Imodyuli ye-wavelength ezinzileyo: Ixabiso lokuqala leyunithi liphantsi kakhulu, kodwa iimodeli ezininzi ze-wavelength zeendawo ezingasetyenziswayo kufuneka zigcinwe.
- Imodyuli ye-wavelength ehlengahlengiswayo: Utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngokulungiswa kwesoftware, lunokugubungela ubude be-wavelengths ezininzi, lwenze lula ulawulo lweendawo ezingasetyenziswayo, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, lunciphise ubunzima kunye neendleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa.
Imeko yesicelo:
- Unxibelelwano lweZiko leDatha (DCI): Izisombululo ze-DWDM ezinoxinano oluphezulu, ezinamandla aphantsi zezona ziphambili.
- I-5G fronthaul: Ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zexabiso, ukubambezeleka, kunye nokuthembeka, iimodyuli ze-single fiber bidirectional (BIDI) ezenzelwe umgangatho wezoshishino ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha.
- Inethiwekhi yepaki yeshishini: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomgama kunye ne-bandwidth, amandla aphantsi, umgama ophakathi ukuya komfutshane we-CWDM okanye iimodyuli zobude obuzinzileyo zinokukhethwa.
Isiphelo: Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo kwixesha elizayo
Itekhnoloji ye-optical module iyaqhubeka nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Izixhobo ezintsha ezifana ne-wavelength selective switches (WSS) kunye ne-liquid crystal kwi-silicon (LCoS) ziqhuba uphuhliso lwezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-optical eziguquguqukayo ngakumbi. Utshintsho olujolise kwiibhendi ezithile, ezifana ne-O-band, luhlala luphucula ukusebenza, njengokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emodyuli ngelixa kugcinwa umda owaneleyo we-optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR).
Kwixesha elizayo lokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi, iinjineli azidingi nje ukubala ngokuchanekileyo umgama wokudluliselwa xa zikhetha ubude be-wavelengths, kodwa zikwavavanya ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, uxinano lokuthunyelwa, kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa komjikelo opheleleyo wobomi. Iimodyuli ze-optical ezithembekileyo eziphezulu ezinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kangangeekhilomitha ezilishumi kwiindawo ezixineneyo (ezifana ne--40 ℃ kubanda kakhulu) ziba yinkxaso ephambili kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zokuthunyelwa (ezifana nezikhululo zesiseko ezikude).
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-17-2025