Kwihlabathi lonxibelelwano lwefiber optical, ukhetho lwamaza okukhanya kufana nokulungisa isikhululo sikanomathotholo—ngokukhetha kuphela "ifrikhwensi" efanelekileyo apho imiqondiso inokuhanjiswa ngokucacileyo nangokuzinzileyo. Kutheni ezinye iimodyuli zamehlo zinomgama wothumelo oziimitha ezingama-500 nje, ngelixa ezinye zinokuhamba kumakhulu eekhilomitha? Imfihlelo ilele "kwimibala" yokukhanya—oko kukuthi, ngokuthe ngqo, ubude bokukhanya.
Kuthungelwano lwangoku lonxibelelwano lwe-optical, iimodyuli ze-optical ezinamaza ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo adlala indima eyahlukileyo. Amaza amathathu angundoqo—850nm, 1310nm, kunye ne-1550nm—yakha isakhelo esisisiseko sonxibelelwano lwe-optical, nganye igxile kumgama wothumelo, iimpawu zelahleko, kunye neemeko zesicelo.
Kutheni kufuneka amaza amaza amaninzi?
Ingcambu yembangela yokwahlukana kwe-wavelength kwiimodyuli ze-optical zilele kwimingeni emibini emikhulu kwi-fiber optic transmission: ukulahleka kunye nokusabalalisa. Xa izibonakaliso ze-optical zihanjiswa kwimicu ye-optical, ukunciphisa amandla (ilahleko) kwenzeka ngenxa yokufunxa, ukusabalalisa, kunye nokuvuza kwe-medium. Kwangaxeshanye, isantya sokusasaza esingalinganiyo samacandelo ahlukeneyo obude obungamaza sibangela ukwanda kophawu lwe-pulse (ukusasazwa). Oku kubangele izisombululo zamaza amaza amaninzi:
850nm ibhendi: Isebenza ikakhulu kwiintsinga zamehlo ezininzi, ezinemigama yothumelo eqhele ukuqala ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa eemitha (ezifana ne-~ 550 yeemitha), kwaye ingamandla aphambili othumelo lomgama omfutshane (njengangaphakathi kumaziko edatha).
1310nm ibhendi: ibonisa iimpawu ezisezantsi zokusasazwa kwimicu yendlela enye, enemigama yothumelo ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi leekhilomitha (ezifana neekhilomitha ezingama-60), oko kuyenza ibe ngumqolo wothumelo lomgama ophakathi.
1550nm ibhendi: Ngomlinganiselo ophantsi wokuthomalalisa (malunga ne-0.19dB/km), umgama wothumelo lwethiyori ungadlula iikhilomitha ezili-150, oko kuyenza ibe ngukumkani womgama omde kunye nokuhanjiswa komgama omde.
Ukunyuka kobuchwephesha be-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) kwandisa kakhulu umthamo we-optical fibers. Ngokomzekelo, iimodyuli ze-fiber bidirectional (BIDI) enye i-optical modules ifezekisa unxibelelwano lwe-bidirectional kwi-fiber enye ngokusebenzisa i-wavelengths eyahlukeneyo (njenge-1310nm / 1550nm indibaniselwano) ekugqithiseni nasekufumaneni iziphelo, ukugcina kakhulu izibonelelo zefiber. Ubuchwephesha obuphezulu beDense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) bunokufikelela kwisithuba sobude obumxinwa kakhulu (njenge-100GHz) kwiibhendi ezithile (ezifana ne-O-band 1260-1360nm), kunye nefayibha enye inokuxhasa amashumi okanye amakhulu amatshaneli amaza obude, ukwandisa umthamo opheleleyo wokuhanjiswa kwe-fiber oleashings kunye nenqanaba elinokubakho le-fiber oleashings ngokupheleleyo.
Indlela yokukhetha ngokwesayensi ubude bemodyuli ye-optical?
Ukukhetha ubude bobude kufuna ingqalelo ebanzi kwezi zinto zilandelayo zibalulekileyo:
Umgama wothumelo:
- Umgama omfutshane (≤ 2km): ngokukhethekileyo i-850nm (i-multimode fiber).
- Umgama ophakathi (i-10-40km): ifanelekile kwi-1310nm (i-fiber yemodi enye).
- Umgama omde (≥ 60km): I-1550nm (i-fiber-mode eyodwa) kufuneka ikhethwe, okanye isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa ne-optical amplifier.
Imfuno yesakhono:
- Ishishini eliqhelekileyo: Iimodyuli ezisisigxina zamaza zanele.
- Umthamo omkhulu, ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu: iteknoloji ye-DWDM / CWDM iyadingeka. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo ye-DWDM ye-100G esebenza kwi-O-band inokuxhasa amaninzi amajelo aphezulu okuphakama kwamaza.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko:
- Imodyuli ye-wavelength esisigxina: Ixabiso leyunithi yokuqala liphantsi, kodwa iimodeli ezininzi ze-wavelength zamacandelo angasese kufuneka zigcinwe.
- Imodyuli ye-wavelength ye-Tunable: Utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngokulungiswa kwesoftware, inokugubungela ubude bamaza amaninzi, lula ukulawula iinxalenye ezisecaleni, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuncitshiswe ukusebenza kunye nobunzima bokulondolozwa kunye neendleko.
Imeko yesicelo:
- Unxibelelwano lweZiko leeNkcukacha (DCI): Ubuninzi obuphezulu, izisombululo ze-DWDM ezinamandla aphantsi zingundoqo.
- I-5G fronthaul: Ngeemfuno eziphezulu zeendleko, i-latency, kunye nokuthembeka, ibakala lezoshishino elenzelwe iimodyuli ze-fiber bidirectional (BIDI) enye yinto eqhelekileyo.
- Inethiwekhi yepaki yoShishino: Ngokuxhomekeke kumgama kunye neemfuno ze-bandwidth, amandla aphantsi, i-CWDM ephakathi ukuya kwifutshane okanye iimodyuli ze-wavelength ezisisigxina zingakhethwa.
Isiphelo: Ukuzivelela kweTekhnoloji kunye neeNgqwalasela zexesha elizayo
Itekhnoloji yemodyuli ye-optical iyaqhubeka nokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza. Izixhobo ezitsha ezifana ne-wavelength selective switch (WSS) kunye nekristale yolwelo kwi-silicon (LCoS) ziqhuba uphuhliso lwezakhiwo zenethiwekhi ye-optical flexible. Utshintsho olujoliswe kwiibhendi ezithile, ezifana ne-O-band, zihlala ziphucula ukusebenza, ezifana nokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emodyuli ngelixa ugcina umlinganiselo owaneleyo we-optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) umda.
Kulwakhiwo lomnatha wexesha elizayo, iinjineli azidingi nje ukubala ngokuchanekileyo umgama wothumelo xa zikhetha ubude bamaza, kodwa ziphinde zivavanye ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, ukuxinana kokuthunyelwa, kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo komjikelo wobomi kunye neendleko zokugcina. Iimodyuli ze-optical ezithembekileyo eziphezulu ezinokusebenza ngokuzinzile kumashumi eekhilomitha kwiindawo ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo (ezifana ne- -40 ℃ ingqele enzima) ziba yinkxaso ephambili yeendawo ezinzima zokusasazwa (ezifana nezikhululo ezikude).
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2025