Ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yophando nophuhliso lwezixhobo ze-intanethi, sixoxe ngetekhnoloji kunye nezisombululo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Okokuqala, ihlalutya imeko yangoku yomgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya, kwaye ishwankathela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-fiber optics, ii-gateways, ii-routers, i-Wi-Fi, kunye nemisebenzi yabasebenzisi ebangela iingxaki zomgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Okwesibini, itekhnoloji entsha yokugubungela inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ephawulwe yi-Wi-Fi 6 kunye ne-FTTR (i-Fiber To The Room) iya kwaziswa.
1. Uhlalutyo lweengxaki zomgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya
Kwinkqubo yeI-FTTH(ifayibha ukuya ekhaya), ngenxa yempembelelo yomgama wokudluliselwa kwe-optical, ukwahlukana kwe-optical kunye nokulahleka kwesixhobo soqhagamshelo, kunye nokugoba kwefayibha ye-optical, amandla okukhanya afunyenwe yi-gateway anokuba phantsi kwaye izinga lempazamo ye-bit linokuba phezulu, okubangela ukwanda kwezinga lokulahleka kwepakethi yokudluliselwa kwenkonzo yomaleko ophezulu. , izinga liyehla.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwehardware yee-gateways ezindala ngokubanzi kuphantsi, kwaye iingxaki ezifana ne-CPU ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwememori kunye nokugqithisa izixhobo zinokwenzeka, nto leyo ebangela ukuqalisa kwakhona okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuqhekeka kwee-gateways. Ii-gateways ezindala ngokubanzi azixhasi isantya senethiwekhi ye-gigabit, kwaye ezinye ii-gateways ezindala nazo zineengxaki ezifana neetships ezindala, nto leyo ekhokelela kumsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwexabiso lesantya sokwenyani soqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi kunye nexabiso lethiyori, elithintela ngakumbi amathuba okuphucula amava omsebenzisi kwi-intanethi. Okwangoku, ii-gateways ezindala zekhaya ezikrelekrele ezisetyenziswe iminyaka emi-3 nangaphezulu kwinethiwekhi ephilayo zisaphethe umlinganiselo othile kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4GHz yibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical). Isetyenziswa njengebhendi yefrikhwensi eqhelekileyo kwizikhululo zerediyo ezifana nenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo, inkqubo yokufikelela engenazingcingo, inkqubo yeBluetooth, inkqubo yonxibelelwano lwe-point-to-point okanye i-point-to-multipoint spread spectrum, enezixhobo ezimbalwa zefrikhwensi kunye ne-bandwidth encinci. Okwangoku, kusekho umlinganiselo othile weengcango ezixhasa ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4GHz ye-Wi-Fi kwinethiwekhi ekhoyo, kwaye ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwefrikhwensi edibeneyo/ekufutshane iyabonakala ngakumbi.
Ngenxa yeengxaki zesoftware kunye nokusebenza okunganelanga kwehardware kwezinye ii-gateways, uqhagamshelo lwe-PPPoE luhlala lukhutshwa kwaye ii-gateways zihlala ziqalwa kwakhona, nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kokufikelela kwi-intanethi kubasebenzisi. Emva kokuba uqhagamshelo lwe-PPPoE luphazamiseke ngokungashukumiyo (umzekelo, ikhonkco lokudlulisa i-uplink liyaphazamiseka), umenzi ngamnye we-gateway unemigangatho yokusetyenziswa engaguqukiyo yokuchongwa kwezibuko ze-WAN kunye nokwenza kwakhona ukudayela kwe-PPPoE. Amanye amasango abenzi ayabona kanye kwimizuzwana engama-20, kwaye aphinde adaye kwakhona emva kokufunyanwa okungaphumelelanga kwama-30. Ngenxa yoko, kuthatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuba i-gateway iqalise ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphinda i-PPPoE emva kokuphuma ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ngokungashukumiyo, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu amava omsebenzisi.
Iingcango zasekhaya zabasebenzisi abaninzi zilungiselelwe ngee-routers (ezibizwa ngokuba “zii-routers” apha). Phakathi kwezi routers, zininzi ezixhasa kuphela ii-ports ze-WAN ze-100M, okanye (kwaye) zixhasa kuphela i-Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).
Ezinye ii-routers zabavelisi zisenayo enye yeeports ze-WAN okanye iiprotocol ze-Wi-Fi ezixhasa isantya senethiwekhi yeGigabit, kwaye ziba zii-routers "ze-pseudo-Gigabit". Ukongeza, i-router iqhagamshelwe kwisango ngentambo yenethiwekhi, kwaye intambo yenethiwekhi esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi ngokuyintloko yintambo yesigaba sesi-5 okanye yesigaba se-super 5, enobomi obufutshane kunye nokukwazi ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka, kwaye uninzi lwazo luxhasa kuphela isantya se-100M. Akukho nanye kwezi routers kunye neentambo zenethiwekhi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lweenethiwekhi ezilandelayo ze-gigabit kunye ne-super-gigabit. Ezinye iirouters ziqala kwakhona rhoqo ngenxa yeengxaki zomgangatho wemveliso, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu amava omsebenzisi.
I-Wi-Fi yeyona ndlela iphambili yokugubungela i-wireless yangaphakathi, kodwa amasango amaninzi asekhaya afakwa kwiibhokisi zamandla abuthathaka emnyango womsebenzisi. Ilinganiselwe yindawo yebhokisi yamandla abuthathaka, izinto ezikwisigqubuthelo, kunye nohlobo oluntsonkothileyo lwendlu, isignali ye-Wi-Fi ayanelanga ukugubungela zonke iindawo zangaphakathi. Okukhona isixhobo sesiphelo sikude kwindawo yokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi, kokukhona kukho imiqobo emininzi, kwaye kokukhona kulahleka amandla esignali, okunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni konxibelelwano olungazinzanga kunye nepakethi yedatha.
Kwimeko yothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwezixhobo ezininzi ze-Wi-Fi, iingxaki zokuphazamiseka kwe-frequency efanayo kunye ne-adjacent channel zihlala zivela ngenxa yezicwangciso ze-channel ezingafanelekanga, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi izinga le-Wi-Fi.
Xa abanye abasebenzisi beqhagamshela i-router kwi-gateway, ngenxa yokuswela amava obuchwephesha, banokuqhagamshela i-router kwi-port yenethiwekhi engekho kwi-gigabit ye-gateway, okanye basenokungayiqhagamshelanga kakuhle intambo yenethiwekhi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ii-port zenethiwekhi zingasebenzi kakuhle. Kwezi meko, nokuba umsebenzisi ubhalisela inkonzo ye-gigabit okanye usebenzisa i-router ye-gigabit, akanakufumana iinkonzo ze-gigabit ezizinzileyo, nto leyo ekwazisa nemingeni kubaqhubi yokujongana neempazamo.
Abanye abasebenzisi banezixhobo ezininzi kakhulu eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Wi-Fi emakhayeni abo (ezingaphezulu kwama-20) okanye usetyenziso oluninzi lukhuphela iifayile ngesantya esiphezulu ngexesha elinye, nto leyo eya kubangela iingxabano ezinkulu zesiteshi se-Wi-Fi kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi olungazinzanga.
Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa ii-terminals ezindala ezixhasa kuphela ibhendi ye-Wi-Fi ye-2.4GHz ye-single-frequency okanye iiprotokholi ze-Wi-Fi ezindala, ngoko ke abanakufumana amava e-intanethi azinzileyo nakhawulezayo.
2. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokuphucula inethiwekhi yangaphakathiQubunjani
Iinkonzo ze-bandwidth ephezulu, eziphantsi kokulibaziseka ezifana nevidiyo ye-4K/8K ephezulu, i-AR/VR, imfundo ekwi-intanethi, kunye neofisi yasekhaya ziya ziba ziimfuno eziqinileyo zabasebenzisi basekhaya. Oku kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wenethiwekhi ye-broadband yasekhaya, ingakumbi umgangatho wenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya. Inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya ekhoyo ngoku esekelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-FTTH (Fiber To The House, fiber to the home) ibe nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingasentla. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi 6 kunye ne-FTTR inokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zenkonzo ezingasentla kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwinqanaba elikhulu ngokukhawuleza.
I-Wi-Fi 6
Ngowama-2019, iWi-Fi Alliance yathiya iteknoloji ye-802.11ax iWi-Fi 6, yaza yathiya iteknoloji yangaphambili ye-802.11ax kunye ne-802.11n iWi-Fi 5 kunye neWi-Fi 4 ngokwahlukeneyo.
I-Wi-Fi 6I-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), i-MU-MIMO (i-Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, iteknoloji ye-multi-user multiple-input multiple-output), i-1024QAM (i-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, i-quadrature amplitude modulation) kunye nezinye iiteknoloji ezintsha, izinga eliphezulu lokukhuphela linokufikelela kwi-9.6Gbit/s. Xa kuthelekiswa neetekhnoloji ze-Wi-Fi 4 kunye ne-Wi-Fi 5 ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, inezinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela, amandla amakhulu okuhambelana kwemali, ukulibaziseka kwenkonzo ephantsi, ukugubungela okubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci kwesiphelo.
I-FTTRTiteknoloji
I-FTTR ibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kwee-all-optical gateways kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi emakhayeni ngokusekelwe kwi-FTTH, kunye nokuphunyezwa koqhagamshelwano lwe-optical fiber kumagumbi abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisaI-PONiteknoloji.
Isango eliphambili le-FTTR lingundoqo kwinethiwekhi ye-FTTR. Liqhagamshelwe phezulu kwi-OLT ukuze libonelele ngefayibha ukuya ekhaya, kwaye liqhagamshelwe ezantsi ukuze libonelele ngeeports ezibonakalayo ukuze liqhagamshele iisango ezininzi ze-FTTR slave. Isango le-FTTR slave linxibelelana nezixhobo zesiphelo nge-Wi-Fi kunye ne-Ethernet interfaces, libonelela ngomsebenzi wokudibanisa idatha yesixhobo sesiphelo ukuya kwisango eliphambili, kwaye lamkela ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwesango eliphambili le-FTTR. Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR iboniswe kumfanekiso.
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli ezifana nothungelwano lweentambo zenethiwekhi, uthungelwano lweentambo zombane, kunye nothungelwano olungenazingcingo, iinethiwekhi ze-FTTR zinezibonelelo ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, izixhobo zothungelwano zisebenza ngcono kwaye zine-bandwidth ephezulu. Unxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical phakathi kwe-master gateway kunye ne-slave gateway lunokwandisa i-gigabit bandwidth kwigumbi ngalinye lomsebenzisi, kwaye luphucule umgangatho wenethiwekhi yasekhaya yomsebenzisi kuzo zonke iinkalo. Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR ineengenelo ezingaphezulu kwi-bandwidth yothungelwano kunye nozinzo.
Okwesibini kukugubungela i-Wi-Fi okungcono kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. I-Wi-Fi 6 luqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lwee-FTTR gateways, kwaye zombini i-master gateway kunye ne-slave gateway zinokubonelela ngoqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi, ziphucula ngokufanelekileyo uzinzo lwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi kunye namandla okugubungela isignali.
Umgangatho we-intranet yenethiwekhi yasekhaya uchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nolwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, izixhobo zomsebenzisi, kunye nee-terminals zomsebenzisi. Ke ngoko, ukufumana nokufumana umgangatho ophantsi wenethiwekhi yasekhaya yingxaki enzima kwinethiwekhi ephilayo. Inkampani nganye yonxibelelwano okanye umboneleli wenkonzo yenethiwekhi ubeka isisombululo sakhe ngokwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, izisombululo zobugcisa zokuvavanya umgangatho we-intranet yenethiwekhi yasekhaya kunye nokufumana umgangatho ophantsi; qhubeka uhlola ukusetyenziswa kwedatha enkulu kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwicandelo lokuphucula umgangatho wenethiwekhi yasekhaya ye-broadband; ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-FTTR kunye ne-Wi-Fi 6 Isiseko somgangatho wenethiwekhi ebanzi kunye nokunye.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-08-2023