Kule xesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-intanethi, iteknoloji yokufikelela kwi-fiber optic ingene kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu. Unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi oluzinzileyo nolukhawulezayo lubalulekile nokuba uyonwabela ukubukela iinkqubo zeTV, ukudlala imidlalo ekhaya, okanye ukuqhuba amashishini ahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo kwishishini. Phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zobuchwepheshe zokufikelela kwi-fiber optic, i-EPON kunye ne-GPON ngokuqinisekileyo zezona zibalaseleyo. Namhlanje, makhe sihlolisise umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini kunye.
Imvelaphi yoBugcisa kunye neMigaqo yoMgaqo-nkqubo
I-EPON, Inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet passive optical iphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet. Ilandela i-IEEE 802.3ah esemgangathweni. Lo mgangatho useka unxibelelwano lwendalo nolusondeleyo phakathi kwe-EPON kunye ne-Ethernet, njengoko yamkela ngokuthe ngqo ifomathi yesakhelo se-Ethernet, njengokubeka i-Ethernet "kwingubo" yokufikelela kwi-fiber optic. Kwabo sele beqhelene nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ze-EPON, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi, kunye neminye imisebenzi kufana nokusebenza kwintsimi eqhelekileyo, kulula ukuyifunda kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Umzekelo, kwinethiwekhi yekhampasi esele ibeke imigca ye-Ethernet ngokubanzi, ukuba kufuneka ukuphuculwa kokufikelela kwi-fiber optic, ubuchwepheshe be-EPON bunokufezekisa ngokulula ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezixhobo ze-Ethernet ezikhoyo.
I-GPON, Umgangatho weGigabit Passive Optical Networks luluhlu lwe-ITU-T G.984. Isebenzisa iprotokholi ye-encapsulation eyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi – i-GEM (iNdlela ye-GPON Encapsulation). I-GEM ifana “nebhokisi yokugcina” ekrelekrele enokucwangcisa nokupakisha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kweshishini ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kwenza i-GPON isebenze kakuhle kakhulu ekuthwaleni ishishini, nokuba ziifowuni zelizwi, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha enkulu, okanye ukudlala ividiyo enentsingiselo ephezulu, i-GPON inokuyiphendula ngokulula kwaye iyiphathe ngokulula. Kwinethiwekhi yokufikelela kwinkonzo edibeneyo ebonelela abasebenzisi ngokufikelela kwi-intanethi, iinkonzo ze-IPTV kunye ne-VoIP ngaxeshanye, i-GPON inokulawula kwaye idlulise ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zokuhamba kwenkonzo ngendlela ehlelekileyo ngenxa yamandla ayo okulungelelanisa inkonzo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo nganye inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
Isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwebhendi
Amanqanaba okunyuka nokwehla kwe-EPON adla ngokuba ngalinganayo, kunye nesantya esiqhelekileyo se-1.25Gbps. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokudluliselwa kwenethiwekhi yokwenyani, ngenxa yentloko engaphakathi yeefreyimu ze-Ethernet, njengolwazi olwahlukeneyo lolawulo oluthwalwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwefreyimu, nangona olu lwazi lubalulekile ekudlulisweni nasekucutshungulweni kwedatha ngokuchanekileyo, lukwahlala kwizixhobo ezithile ze-bandwidth, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-bandwidth esebenzayo esetyenziselwa ukudlulisa idatha yomsebenzisi ibe phantsi kancinci kune-1.25Gbps eqhelekileyo.
I-GPON ibalasele nangakumbi ngokwesantya, inesantya sokuhla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.488Gbps kunye nesantya sokunyuka se-1.244Gbps okanye i-2.488Gbps. I-GPON isebenzisa ubude befreyimu ye-125 μs kwaye ixhotyiswe nge-algorithm yokwabiwa kwe-bandwidth esebenzayo. Kufana nendlela enkulu, i-GPON ayigcini nje ngokwandisa iindlela, kodwa ikwaphucula imithetho yokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi, ivumela izithuthi (idatha) ukuba zihambe kakuhle nangokufanelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, i-GPON ingcono kakhulu kune-EPON ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-bandwidth kwaye inokudlulisa idatha engaphezulu ngexesha elifanayo.
Umlinganiselo weSpectral
Umlinganiselo wokwahlulwahlulwa luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulinganisa umthamo wokugubungela ubuchwepheshe bokufikelela kwi-fiber optic kunye nenani labasebenzisi abathwalwayo. Ubhekisa kumlinganiselo weeyunithi zenethiwekhi ye-optical (ii-ONU) ezinokunxibelelana ne-terminal yomgca we-optical (OLT).
Umlinganiselo wokwahlulwa kwe-EPON ngokubanzi yi-1:32, kwaye ngokwenziwa ngcono okukhethekileyo, unokufikelela kwi-1:64. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwinethiwekhi ye-EPON, isixhobo esinye se-OLT sinokuqhagamshela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32, kwaye kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ii-terminals zomsebenzisi ze-ONU ezingama-64. Umzekelo, ekwakhiweni kokufikelela kwi-fiber optic kwindawo yokuhlala, ukuba kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-EPON kwaye umlinganiselo wokwahlulwa uyi-1:32, isixhobo esinye se-OLT sinokubonelela kuphela ngeenkonzo zokufikelela kwinethiwekhi kumakhaya angama-32 ubuninzi.
I-GPON inenzuzo enkulu ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokwahlulwahlulwa, kunye nomlinganiselo wokwahlulwahlulwa ofikelela kwi-1:64, kwaye nakwiindawo ezithile zenethiwekhi eziyilwe ngononophelo kwaye zenziwe ngcono, inokufikelela kumlinganiselo wokwahlulwahlulwa we-1:128. Umlinganiselo omkhulu wokwahlulwahlulwa wenza i-GPON isebenze ngcono ngokubhekiselele kuluhlu lokugubungela kunye nenani labasebenzisi abaxhunyiweyo. Ukuthatha iindawo zasemaphandleni njengomzekelo, ngenxa yendawo yazo enkulu kunye nokusasazwa kwabasebenzisi abasasazekileyo, ukuba iteknoloji ye-GPON iyasetyenziswa, isebenzisa iimpawu zayo eziphezulu zomlinganiselo wokukhanya, isixhobo esinye se-OLT sinokubonelela ngeenkonzo kubasebenzisi abaninzi, kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokugcinwa.
Ixabiso lezixhobo kunye nokuhambelana kwazo
Izixhobo ze-EPON zinezibonelelo ezithile zeendleko ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwazo kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet obuvuthiweyo. Ixabiso lazo lezixhobo liphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo enomtsalane kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokwakha inethiwekhi ezinebhajethi encinci kunye nokuqonda iindleko. Umzekelo, kulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi kwamanye amashishini amancinci okanye kwiiprojekthi zokuhlaziya inethiwekhi yeendawo zokuhlala ezindala, ngenxa yemali encinci, inzuzo engabizi kakhulu yezixhobo ze-EPON inokubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuhambelana okuhle phakathi kwe-EPON kunye ne-Ethernet, izixhobo ze-EPON zinokudityaniswa ngokulula nezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikhoyo kwindawo apho i-Ethernet isetyenziswa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokuphucula inethiwekhi.
Izixhobo ze-GPON, ngenxa yetekhnoloji yazo entsonkothileyo, zineendleko eziphezulu zophando kunye nemveliso yezinto eziphambili ezifana neetships, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ze-GPON, ezisebenza ngamandla kunye nobuchule benkxaso yeshishini etyebileyo, zibonakalise ixabiso elikhethekileyo kwezinye iimeko ezifuna ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ephezulu kakhulu kunye nokwahluka kweshishini. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezinkulu zorhwebo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufikelela kwinethiwekhi ekhawulezayo yabathengisi abaninzi ngaxeshanye, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ezizinzileyo kubathengi, kunye nokufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yeshishini efana nolawulo lwesakhiwo olukrelekrele. Izixhobo ze-GPON zinokubonelela ngenkxaso ethembekileyo kwezi mfuno zeshishini zintsonkothileyo ngokusebenza kwazo okuhle kunye nokuguquguquka.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-17-2025