Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iifiber zamehlo zinokufunxa amandla okukhanya. Emva kokuba amasuntswana kwizinto zefiber optical athatha amandla okukhanya, avelisa ukungcangcazela kunye nobushushu, kwaye achithe amandla, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kokufunxa.Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ukulahleka kokufunxwa kwezinto zefiber optical.
Siyazi ukuba i-matter yenziwe ngeeathom kunye neemolekyuli, kwaye ii-athomu zenziwe nge-nuclei ye-athomu kunye nee-electron ze-extranuclear, ezijikeleza i-nucleus ye-athomu kwi-orbit ethile. Oku kufana nje noMhlaba esiphila kuwo, kunye neeplanethi ezifana neVenus kunye neMars, zonke zijikeleza iLanga. I-electron nganye inomlinganiselo othile wamandla kwaye ikwi-orbit ethile, okanye ngamanye amazwi, i-orbit nganye inomgangatho othile wamandla.
Amanqanaba ombane we-orbital asondele kwinucleus yeathom asezantsi, ngelixa amanqanaba e-orbital ene-orbital ekude le nucleus yeathom ephezulu.Ubukhulu bomahluko wenqanaba lamandla phakathi kwee-orbits kuthiwa ngumahluko wenqanaba lamandla. Xa ii-electron zitshintsha ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamandla ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla, kufuneka zifunxe amandla kumohluko wezinga elihambelanayo.
Kwimicu ye-optical, xa ii-electron ezikwinqanaba elithile lamandla zikhanyiswa kukukhanya kwe-wavelength ehambelana nomahluko wenqanaba lamandla, ii-electron eziku-low-energy orbitals ziya kutshintshela kwii-orbitals ezinamazinga aphezulu amandla.Le electron ifunxa amandla okukhanya, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokukhanya.
Izinto ezisisiseko zokwenza iifiber optical, isilicon dioxide (SiO2), yona ngokwayo ithatha ukukhanya, enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-ultraviolet absorption kwaye enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-infrared absorption. Okwangoku, unxibelelwano lwe-fiber optic ngokubanzi lusebenza kuphela kwi-wavelength range ye-0.8-1.6 μ m, ngoko siya kuxubusha kuphela ilahleko kule ndawo yokusebenza.
Ukuphakama kwe-absorption eyenziwa yi-electronic transitions kwiglasi ye-quartz ijikeleze i-0.1-0.2 μ m ubude be-wavelength kummandla we-ultraviolet. Njengoko i-wavelength ikhula, ukuxutywa kwayo kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa indawo echaphazelekayo ibanzi, ifikelela kumaza ngaphezu kwe-1 μ m. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunxwa kwe-UV kunempembelelo encinci kwi-quartz optical fibers esebenza kwindawo ye-infrared. Ngokomzekelo, kummandla wokukhanya obonakalayo kwi-wavelength ye-0.6 μ m, ukuxutywa kwe-ultraviolet kunokufikelela kwi-1dB / km, eyancipha ukuya kwi-0.2-0.3dB / km kwi-wavelength ye-0.8 μ m, kwaye kuphela malunga ne-0.1dB / km kwi-wavelength ye-m.
Ilahleko ye-infrared yokufunxa ye-quartz fiber iveliswa yi-vibration ye-molecular of the material infrared region. Kukho iincopho ezininzi zokufunxa ukungcangcazela kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ngaphezulu kwe-2 μm. Ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-doping kwi-fiber optical, akunakwenzeka ukuba iifayili ze-quartz zibe nefestile ephantsi yokulahlekelwa kwi-frequency band ngaphezu kwe-2 μ m. Ilahleko yomda wethiyori kwi-wavelength ye-1.85 μ m yi-ldB/km.Ngophando, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho "iimolekyuli ezonakalisayo" ezibangela inkathazo kwiglasi yequartz, eyona nto iyingozi kwi-transition metal ukungcola okufana nobhedu, intsimbi, ichromium, imanganese, njl. Ukuphelisa \ 'abenzi beengxaki' kunye nokucoca ngokwekhemikhali izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iifiber zamehlo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ilahleko.
Omnye umthombo wokufunxa kwi-quartz optical fibers yi-hydroxide (OH -) isigaba. Kufunyaniswe ukuba i-hydroxide ineencopho ezintathu zokufunxa kwibhendi yokusebenza yefiber, eyi-0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, kunye ne-1.38 μ m. Phakathi kwabo, ukulahlekelwa kwe-absorption kwi-wavelength ye-1.38 μ m iyona nto inzima kakhulu kwaye inempembelelo enkulu kwifiber. Kwi-wavelength ye-1.38 μ m, i-absorption loss loss eyenziwa yi-ion hydroxide enomxholo we-0.0001 kuphela iphezulu njenge-33dB / km.
Zivela phi ezi ion zehydroxide? Kukho imithombo emininzi ye-hydroxide ion. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-fiber optical ziqukethe umswakama kunye ne-hydroxide compounds, okunzima ukuyisusa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwaye ekugqibeleni zihlale zikwimo ye-hydroxide ion kwi-fiber optical fibers; Okwesibini, i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen compounds ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-optical fibers ziqulethe inani elincinci lokufuma; Okwesithathu, amanzi aveliswa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kweefiber optical ngenxa yokusabela kweekhemikhali; Okwesine kukuba ukungena komoya wangaphandle kuzisa umphunga wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuvelisa ngoku iye yaphuhliswa kwinqanaba elikhulu, kwaye umxholo we-hydroxide ion uncitshiswe ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba impembelelo yayo kwi-fiber optical ingahoywa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-23-2025