Ungayivavanya njani indlela yokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweeCables zePROFINET?

1. Kutheni Ukuvavanya iiCable zePROFINET Kubalulekile

I-PROFINET ngumgangatho we-Ethernet wezoshishino owamkelwe ngokubanzi ovumela unxibelelwano lwexesha langempela phakathi kwezixhobo kwiindawo zokwenza izinto. Njengoko imibutho ixhomekeke ngakumbi kolu buchwepheshe ukuphucula uqhagamshelo kunye nokwenza lula iinkqubo, ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweentambo ze-PROFINET akunakugxininiswa kakhulu. Ukuvavanya ezi ntambo akuyonto nje yokuthintela—linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni lonke isiseko senethiwekhi.

Ukuvavanya iintambo zePROFINET kuqinisekisa iingenelo ezine eziphambili:

1. Ukudluliselwa kwedatha rhoqongokuthintela ukulahleka kwepakethi kunye nokungaphumeleli konxibelelwano.

2. Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingalindelekanga.

3. Ukuthobela imigangatho, eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ze-IEC 61158 kunye ne-PROFINET.

4. Ukonga iindlekongokubona iimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe kukusilela kwenkqubo.

2. Iiparameters zoKusebenza eziPhambili zoVavanyo

Xa kuvavanywa iintambo zePROFINET, kufuneka kuhlolwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukunyaniseka kwesignali– kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okucocekileyo, okungenasiphazamiso.

• Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Impedance– I-PROFINET idla ngokufuna iintambo ze-100Ω Cat5e/Cat6.

• I-Crosstalk (i-NEXT kunye ne-FEXT)– kuthintela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweentambo ezimbini.

• Ukunciphisa– ilinganisa ukulahleka kwesiginali kubude bentambo.

• Ukulahleka kokubuyisela– uvavanya iingcamango ezibangelwa kukungagqitywa kakuhle kwemisebenzi.

• Ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela– kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino ezinengxolo.

• Umonakalo womzimba– ukusikwa, ukugoba, okanye ukuqhekeka kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Umzekelo wentambo:
Intambo ye-PROFINET yohlobo lwe-B/C ye-industrial Cat5e Ethernet, i-M12 eneekhowudi ze-D ezilinganiswe nge-IP67, ii-SF/UTP ezikhuselwe kabini ze-22AWG ezifakwe isikhuselo, uhlobo oluphezulu lwe-industrial yangaphandle, i-PLTC elinganiswe, ijakethi ye-TPE eluhlaza.

3. Iindlela zokuvavanya iintambo zePROFINET

1) Uhlolo olubonakalayo

Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo okucokisekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwentambo. Jonga zonke izihlanganisi ukuze ubone iimpawu zomonakalo, ukugqwala, okanye iiphini ezigobileyo. Hlola ubude bentambo ukuze ubone ukuba ixinezelekile emzimbeni, ukugoba okuqinileyo, okanye ukhuselo oluvezwe ngaphandle. Ngokubanzi, gcina ubuncinane berediyasi yokugoba elingana nezihlandlo ezisibhozo zobubanzi bentambo ukuze uthintele umonakalo wangaphakathi wentambo.

2) Uvavanyo lokuqhubeka

Uvavanyo lokuqhubeka luqinisekisa ukuba zonke ii-conductors ezisibhozo ziqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Oku kuchonga iisekethe ezivulekileyo, iishothi, okanye iingcingo ezinqamlezileyo ezinokuphazamisa unxibelelwano. Umvavanyi wekhebula olula okanye i-multimeter inokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka okusisiseko ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokufakwa okanye kokugcinwa.

3) Uvavanyo lweWiremap

Uvavanyo lwe-Wiremap luqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kweephini ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemigangatho ye-TIA-568A okanye ye-TIA-568B. Luchonga ii-split pairs ezisenokungabonakali kuvavanyo olusisiseko lokuqhubeka kodwa zinokuphazamisa kakhulu umgangatho wesiginali. Ukuqinisekisa ulwakhiwo lwe-wiring kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza okulinganayo kunye nokuthobela imigangatho.

4) Uvavanyo loBulungisa beSignali

Uvavanyo lokuthembeka kwesignali luvavanya amandla entambo yokudlulisa idatha ngaphandle kokuwohloka ngokulinganisa ukuncitshiswa, i-crosstalk, kunye ne-impedance. Izixhobo ezifana neFluke Networks DSX CableAnalyzer zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo ziyahambelana nemigangatho yokusebenza ye-Ethernet kunye ne-PROFINET.

5) Ukuqinisekiswa koKhuseleko kunye nokuGcina iNhlabathi

Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba ukhuselo luyaqhubeka kuyo yonke intambo kunye nezihlanganisi, kwaye luchonga imiba yokumisa umhlaba enokunyusa ukuchatshazelwa yi-EMI. Ukhuselo olufanelekileyo kunye nokumisa umhlaba kubalulekile kwiindawo zoshishino ezinengxolo.

6) Uvavanyo lweNqanaba leMpazamo yeBit (BERT)

I-BERT ilinganisa iimpazamo zokusasazwa kwedatha phantsi komthwalo. Ngokuvavanya amazinga eempazamo zebhithi ngexesha lokusebenza, olu vavanyo lubonelela ngovavanyo oluchanekileyo lokusebenza kwekhebula ekusetyenzisweni kwehlabathi lokwenyani—lubaluleke kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokubambezeleka okuphantsi.

7) Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwendalo

Uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo lubeka iintambo kubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukungcangcazela, ukufuma, kunye nezinye iimeko ezinzima ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwiindawo zoshishino okanye zangaphandle. Iintambo zePROFINET ezikumgangatho wangaphandle zihlala zisebenzisa iijakethi zePUR okanye zePE ukumelana nemitha ye-UV kunye nokuvezwa ziikhemikhali.

Umzekelo wentambo:
Intambo ye-PROFINET yohlobo lwe-B/C ye-industrial Cat5e Ethernet, i-M12 eneekhowudi ze-D ezine-IP67, ii-SF/UTP ezikhuselwe kabini ze-22AWG ezifakwe i-stranded conductors, umgangatho wangaphandle oguquguqukayo ophezulu, i-PLTC elinganiswe, ijakethi ye-TPE eluhlaza.

4. Izixhobo zovavanyo ezicetyiswayo

Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ezixhobo zokuvavanya aqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuthobela intambo yePROFINET:

• Abavavanyi abasisiseko– Ukujonga ngokukhawuleza ukuqhubeka kwezinto kunye nemephu yentambo.

• Abavavanyi besatifikethi esiphambili (umz., iFluke, iSofting)– Qinisekisa ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho yePROFINET kunye ne-Ethernet ngokulinganisa ukuncitshiswa kwesandi, i-crosstalk, i-impedance, nokunye.

• Abahlalutyi benethiwekhi– Ukuchonga ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngexesha langempela, ukujonga umgangatho wonxibelelwano, kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki zokusebenza.

5. Iingcebiso zoVavanyo oluThembekileyo

• Soloko uvavanya ngaphambi kokufaka ukuze uphephe ixesha lokungasebenzi elibizayo kunye nokuphinda ulungise.

• Bhala iilebheli kuzo zonke iintambo ezivavanyiweyo kunye neengxelo zesatifikethi sevenkile ukuze zilandeleke ngexesha lokuhlolwa okanye ukulungiswa.

• Sebenzisa izihlanganisi ezikhuselweyo kwiindawo ezine-EMI ephezulu ukugcina ukuthembeka kwesiginali.

• Buyisela nayiphi na intambo ngokulahleka kwesiginali okugqitha imida eqhelekileyo (umz., >3 dB) ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi ixesha elide.

6. Iimpazamo zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka ziphetshwe

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezibeka emngciphekweni ukuchaneka kovavanyo ziquka:

• Ukutsiba ukuqinisekiswa kokukhusela kwiindawo ezine-EMI ephezulu.

• Ukuthembela kwizixhobo zokuvavanya umgangatho wabathengi endaweni yezixhobo eziqinisekiswe yiPROFINET.

• Ukungayinaki imigaqo yokufaka umenzi.

• Ukungaphumeleli ukuvavanya iintambo phantsi komthwalo wokwenyani, okuthintela ukubonwa kweengxaki zokusebenza ezenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kuphela.

7. Iingcebiso zokuthembeka kwexesha elide

• Sebenzisa iintambo ze-Cat6 okanye ze-PROFINET ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuzo zonke izinto ezintsha ezifakelwayo.

• Misela isicwangciso sokukhusela ukonakala kwentambo rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukonakala kwangoko.

• Khetha iintambo ezinejakethi ze-LSZH okanye ze-PUR kwiindawo ezirhabaxa okanye ezifuna amandla amaninzi.

• Gcina kwaye uphathe iintambo ngokufanelekileyo, uphephe ukugoba kakhulu okanye uxinzelelo loomatshini ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okuncinci okonakalisa ukusebenza kombane ngokuhamba kwexesha.

8. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga noVavanyo lweCable lwePROFINET

Umbuzo 1: Iintambo zePROFINET kufuneka zivavanywe kangaphi?
A: Vavanya ngexesha lokufakelwa kwayo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 njengenxalenye yolondolozo lokuthintela.

Umbuzo 2: Ngaba abavavanyi be-Ethernet abaqhelekileyo banokusetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-PROFINET?
A: Banokwenza uvavanyo olusisiseko, kodwa abavavanyi abaqinisekisiweyo yiPROFINET bayacetyiswa ukuze bathembeke ngokupheleleyo.

Umbuzo 3: Bungakanani ubude bentambo obuxhaswayo obuphezulu bePROFINET?
A: Iimitha ezili-100 ngecandelo ngalinye kwiintambo zobhedu; i-fiber-optic PROFINET inokusasaza kude kakhulu.

Umbuzo 4: Ndingaqinisekisa njani ukuba ukuzikhusela kuyasebenza?
A: Ngokwenza uvavanyo lokuqhubeka nokukhusela kunye novavanyo lokumisa umhlaba.

Umbuzo 5: Ngaba ukuvavanya iintambo zePROFINET zangaphandle kwahlukile?
A: Ewe. Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zombane, ukumelana ne-UV, ukunyamezela ubushushu, kunye nokukhuselwa kokufuma nako kuyavavanywa.