Ngokweembono zabantu abaqhelekileyo, ukuhlanganiswaInethiwekhi yokudlala kathathukuthetha ukuba iinethiwekhi ezintathu eziphambili zenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano, inethiwekhi yekhompyutha kunye nenethiwekhi yeTV yekhebula zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano ezibanzi zemultimedia kuquka ilizwi, idatha kunye nemifanekiso ngokuguqulwa kwetekhnoloji. I-Sanhe ligama elibanzi nelingokwentlalo. Okwangoku, libhekisa "kwindawo" ekudluliseleni usasazo "ebusweni", "kwindawo" ekudluliseleni unxibelelwano "kwindawo", kunye nekhompyutha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwexesha lokutshintsha kwexesha lokugcina kwinethiwekhi ukuze kuncedwe ngcono abantu akuthethi ukuhlanganiswa okubonakalayo kweenethiwekhi ezintathu eziphambili zenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano, iinethiwekhi zekhompyutha, kunye neenethiwekhi zethelevishini yekhebula, kodwa ikakhulu kubhekisa ekudityanisweni kwezicelo zoshishino eziphezulu. Emva "kokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi yokudlala kathathu", abantu banokusebenzisa ulawulo olukude lweTV ukwenza iifowuni, ukubukela iidrama zeTV kwiifowuni zabo eziphathwayo, ukukhetha iinethiwekhi kunye neeterminals njengoko kufuneka, kunye nonxibelelwano olupheleleyo, iTV, kunye nokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngokutsala nje umgca okanye ukufikelela ngaphandle kwentambo.
Izinyuko Ezintathu Zophuhliso lwe-FTTx
Uphuhliso lwe-FTTx yaseTshayina ludlule kwizigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala siqala ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2007. Eli nqanaba likwisigaba sovavanyo. Ngo-2005, i-China Telecom yaqalisa uvavanyo lwe-EPON fiber-to-the-home eBeijing, eGuangzhou, eShanghai, naseWuhan ukuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kweI-EPONinkqubo kunye nokuphonononga amava okwakha. Ngeli xesha, iChina Netcom, iChina Mobile, njl. zenze uvavanyo kunye nezicelo zovavanyo kwinkqubo yePON. Ubungakanani bokwakha beFTTx kweli nqanaba buncinci kakhulu.
Isigaba sesibini siqala ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2009, esisigaba sokusasazwa okukhulu. Emva kwesigaba sokuqala sovavanyo nophando, i-China Telecom iqaphele ukuvuthwa nokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-EPON, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ihlolisise iseti yeemodeli zokwakha ze-FTTx, kwaye iimodeli zokwakha ze-FTTH/FTTB+LAN/FTTB+DSL zisekiwe. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leentambo zobhedu ngelo xesha, ixabiso lemodeli yokwakha ye-FTTB lalinenzuzo enkulu kuneendleko zokwakha zokubeka iintambo zobhedu. I-bandwidth kunye nokwanda kwenethiwekhi ye-FTTB kwakungcono kunenethiwekhi yokufikelela kwiintambo zobhedu. Ke ngoko, ekupheleni kuka-2007, i-China Telecom yagqiba ekubeni yamkele i-FTTB+LAN yokusasazwa okukhulu kwiindawo ezisandula ukwakhiwa zesixeko, yenze i-FTTB+DSL optical input kunye notshintsho lwemveliso yobhedu kwiindawo ezikhoyo, kwaye iyeke ngokupheleleyo ukufakwa kweenethiwekhi ezintsha zeentambo zobhedu. Kweli nqanaba, ukusasazwa okukhulu kwe-FTTB kungenxa yokusebenza ngcono kweendleko.
Inqanaba lesithathu laqala ngo-2010, kwaye i-FTTx yangena kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso. Ekuqaleni kuka-2010, iNkulumbuso uWen Jiabao weBhunga leSizwe wongamela intlanganiso yolawulo lweBhunga leSizwe waza wagqiba ekubeni akhawulezise ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano, inethiwekhi yonomathotholo nomabonwakude kunye ne-Intanethi. Kufuneka kukhawuleziswe ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokufikelela kwi-broadband ye-fiber-optic kunye nokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yonomathotholo nomabonwakude, kwaye unxibelelwano kunye nonomathotholo nomabonwakude kufuneka bavule iimarike zabo kwaye bakhuphisane ngokufanelekileyo. "Ukuhlanganiswa kwemidlalo emithathu" kuye kwazisa abakhuphisana abatsha kunye namacandelo amatsha okhuphiswano kulo lonke ishishini lezonxibelelwano.
Ngo-Epreli, amasebe kunye neekomishini ezisi-7 kuquka uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye neKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe bakhuphe ngokubambisana "Iimbono zoKhuthazo loKwakhiwa kweeNethiwekhi zeBroadband ze-Optical Fiber", befuna abaqhubi beenkonzo zonxibelelwano ukuba bakhawulezise ukwakhiwa kwe-broadband ye-optical fiber, kwaye bakhawulezise ukuphunyezwa kwe-broadband ye-fiber optic kwizixeko nakwiilali ezisemaphandleni. "Iimbono" zicebisa ukuba ngo-2011, inani leechweba ze-broadband ze-optical fiber liza kudlula kwi-80 yezigidi, umthamo wokufikelela ophakathi wabasebenzisi basezidolophini uza kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-8 Mbit/s, umthamo wokufikelela ophakathi wabasebenzisi basemaphandleni uza kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-2 Mbit/s, kwaye umthamo wokufikelela ophakathi wabasebenzisi bezakhiwo zorhwebo ngokusisiseko uza kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-100 Mbit/s. amandla okufaka. Kwiminyaka emi-3, utyalo-mali ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-broadband ye-fiber optic luya kudlula kwi-150 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kwaye inani labasebenzisi abatsha be-broadband liya kudlula kwi-50 yezigidi zeerandi.
Idibene nesicwangciso sokwakhiwa kwe-NGB esakhutshwa ngaphambili yi-State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, i-bandwidth yokufikelela yekhaya ngalinye iyadingeka ukuze ifikelele kwi-40Mbit/s. Ukhuphiswano oluqaliswe yi-"triple play" luye lwagxila kancinci kancinci kukhuphiswano lwe-bandwidth yokufikelela. Abaqhubi be-telecom kunye nabaqhubi be-radio kunye nomabonwakude baye bamkela ngazwi linye i-FTTx njengobuchwepheshe obukhethwayo bokwakha inethiwekhi yokufikelela ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kwenza uphuhliso lwe-FTTx lutshintshe ukusuka kwixabiso ukuya kwi-factor yokhuphiswano lwemarike. Uphuhliso lwe-FTTx lungene kwinqanaba elitsha.
Kwelinye icala, kungenxa yokusasazwa okukhulu nokuvuthiweyo kwe-FTTx eTshayina, eli lizwe likholelwa ukuba ngokwembono yetekhnoloji kunye nochungechunge lwemizi-mveliso, kukho isiseko sobugcisa nesezinto ezibonakalayo sokukhawulezisa "ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi kathathu". Ngokusekelwe kwisidingo sokwandisa imfuno yasekhaya kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wetekhnoloji yolwazi yelizwe lam, ilizwe liqalise isicwangciso sesizwe "sokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi yoMdlalo oThathu" ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kunokuthiwa kukho ubudlelwane obuxhomekeke kakhulu phakathi kophuhliso lweshishini le-FTTx laseTshayina kunye nesicwangciso sesizwe "sokuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi yoMdlalo oThathu".
"Ukudlala kathathu" kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweengcamango ze-FTTx
I-Fiber-to-the-x (I-FTTx) ukufikelela kwifayibha (i-FTTx, x = H yekhaya, i-P yesakhiwo, i-C yendlela kunye ne-N ye-node okanye ummelwane) apho i-FTTH fiber eya ekhaya, i-FTTP fiber eya kwindawo, i-FTTC fiber eya ecaleni kwendlela/kuluntu, i-FTTN fiber eya kwi-node. I-Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) ibiliphupha kunye nolwalathiso lwetekhnoloji abantu abaye bayilandela kangangeminyaka engama-20, kodwa ngenxa yemiqobo kwixabiso, itekhnoloji, kunye nemfuno, ayikakhuthazwa kwaye iphuhliswa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqanaba licothayo lenkqubela phambili litshintshe kakhulu kutshanje. Ngenxa yenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, i-FTTH iphinde yaba yindawo eshushu emva kweminyaka emininzi yokuthula, ingena kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo. Intuthuzelo kunye nokulula kobomi okuziswe zizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne-broadband ezifana ne-VoIP, umdlalo we-Online, i-E-learning, i-MOD (iMultimedia on Demand) kunye nekhaya elikrelekrele, kunye nokubukela okubonakalayo okubangelwa yi-HDTV. Uguquko lwenze i-optical fiber eneempawu ezintle ezifana ne-bandwidth ephezulu, umthamo omkhulu, kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi kube lukhetho olungenakuphepheka lwesixhobo esithumela idatha kumthengi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaninzi abanengqiqo bajonga i-FTTx (ingakumbi i-fiber-to-the-home kunye ne-fiber-to-the-placemises) njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekubuyiseleni imarike yonxibelelwano lwe-optical. Kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, inethiwekhi ye-FTTH iya kuba nophuhliso olukhulu.
I-China Telecom iceba ukwakha iinethiwekhi ze-FTTH ezisisigidi ngo-2010. I-Beijing, iShanghai, iJiangsu, iZhejiang, iGuangdong, iWuhan kunye nezinye iiphondo kunye nezixeko nazo ziye zacebisa ngokulandelelana iinkonzo ze-broadband ezikhawulezayo ezifana nokufikelela kwi-20Mbit/s. Kunokuqikelelwa ukuba indlela yokwakha ye-FTTH (i-fiber-to-the-home) iya kuba yindlela yokwakha ye-FTTx eqhelekileyo ukususela ngo-2011 ukuya phambili. Ubungakanani boshishino lwe-FTTx buya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo. Kubasebenzi berediyo kunye nomabonwakude, emva "kokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ezintathu", indlela yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza inethiwekhi ekhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkonzo ezintsha ezifana neTV esebenzisana nayo, ukufikelela kwi-intanethi ye-broadband, kunye nokufikelela kwilizwi yinto ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali, ubuchwepheshe, kunye neetalente, akunakwenzeka ukuchitha imali eninzi ukwakha inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano esemgangathweni ophezulu. Sinokusebenzisa kuphela izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikhoyo, sithathe amandla, kwaye sakhe kancinci kancinci.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-27-2023